Soma and Haoma

by G. Samorini

ABDULLAEV KAZIM, 2010, Sacred plants and the cultic beverage Haoma, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, vol. 30(3), pp. 329-340.

ADHIKARI M.K., J.N. SHROTRIYA & G. DURRIEU, 2003, Does the plant Soma exist?, Banko Janakari, vol. 13(2), pp. 54-62.

AGRAWALA V.S., 1963, Symbolism of the two boilers, Vishveshvaranand Indological Journal, vol. 1, pp. 40-49.

AGRAWALA V.S., 1963, Symbolism of the two boilers. Part 2, Vishveshvaranand Indological Journal, vol. 1, pp. 275-286.

BARNETT L.D., 1928, Yama, Gandharva, and Glaucus, Bullettin of the School of Oriental Studies, vol. 4, pp. 703-716.

BHAWE SHIRIKRISHNA, 1957, The Soma-hymns of the Rgveda: a fresh interpretation, Oriental Institute, Baroda.

BLOOMFIELD MAURICE, 1896, Contributions to the interpretation of the Veda, Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 16, pp. 1-42.

BOYCE MARY, 1970, Haoma, priest of the sacrifice, in: M. Boyce & I. Gershevitch (Eds.), W.B. Henning Memorial Volume, London, pp. 62-80.

BROUGH JOHN, 1971, Soma and Amanita muscaria, Bullettin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 34, pp. 331-362.

BROUGH JOHN, 1973, Problems of the “soma-mushroom” theory, Indologica Taurinensia, vol. 1, pp. 21-32.

CHATTOPADHYAYA SHRIMANTA, 1992, The Rgvedic female deities: Soma sacrifices, Vishveshvaranand Indological Journal, vol. 30, pp. 29-36.

DAMANIA A.B., 2004, The origin of Soma. New theories and myths, Asian Agri History, vol. 6, pp. 135-139.

DANDEKAR R.N., 1994, Soma is not fly-agaric, in: C.G. Kashikar et al. (Eds.), Śruti-cintāmanih Prof. C.G. Kashikar Felicitation Volume, Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune, pp. 21-28.

DANGE A. SADASHIV, 1964-65, Three stages in the advent of Soma, Journal of the Oriental Institute of Baroda, vol. 14, pp. 62-69.

DANNAWAY FREDERCIK, 2009, Thunder among the pines: defining a pan-Asian Soma, Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, vol. 41, pp. 67-84.

DEMIÉVILLE PAUL, 1970, Review to the Wasson’s Soma, T’oung Pao, 2° s., vol. 56, pp. 298-302.

DONALDSON E. THOMAS, 1989, Rare Orissan sanctum images associated with the Agni-Soma symbolism of the Enshrined Siva-Linga, Berliner Indologische Studien, vol. 4/5, pp. 327-337.

DONIGER O’FLAHERTY WENDY, 1968, The Post-Vedic history of the Soma plant, in: R.G. Wasson, Soma. Divine mushroom of immortality, HBJ, New York, pp.95-147.

DONIGER O’FLAHERTY WENDY, 1990, “Somatic” memories of R. Gordon Wasson, in: T.J. Riedlinger (Ed.), The sacred mushroom seeker. Essays for R. Gordon Wasson, Dioscoride Press, Portland, pp. 55-59.

DUCHESNE-GUILLEMIN JACQUES, 1988, Haoma proscrit et réadmis, in: M.-M. Mactoux & E. Geny (Éds.), Mélanges Pierre Lévêque, vol. 1, Religion, Les Belles Lettres, Paris, pp. 127-131.

EHNI J., 1879, Rigv. X, 85. Die Vermählung des Soma und der Sûryâ, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, vol. 33, 166-176.

ELIZARENKOVA TATIANA & V.N. TOPOROV, 1976, Les représentations mythologiques touchant aux champignons dans leurs rapports avec l’hypothèse de l’origine du Soma, in: Y.M. Lotman & B.A. Ouspenski (curs.), Traveaux sur les systèmes de signes, École de Tartu, Bruxelles, pp. 62-68.

ELIZARENKOVA TATIANA, 1996, The problem of soma in the light of the language and style of the Rgveda, in: B. Nalini et al. (curs.), Langue, Style et Structure dans le Monde Indien, Bibliothèque de l’École des Hautes Études, Paris, pp. 13-31.

FALK HARRY, 1989, Soma I and II, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 52, pp. 77-93.

FALK HARRY, 2002-2003, Decent drugs for decent people: further thoughts on the nature of Soma, Orientalia Suecana, vol. 51-52, pp. 141-156.

FEENEY KEVIN, 2010, Revisiting Wasson’s Soma: exploring the effects of preparation on the chemistry of Amanita muscaria, Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, vol. 42, pp. 499-506.

FLATTERY D.S. & M. SCHWARTZ, 1989, Haoma and Harmaline. The botanical identity of the Indo-Iranian sacred hallucinogen “Soma” and its legacy in religion, language, and Middle Eastern folklore, Near Eastern Studies, Berkeley.

GERSHEVITCH ILYA, 1974, An Iranianist’s view of the Soma controversy, in: Ph. Gignoux & A. Tafazzoli (Éds.), Mémorial Jean de Menasce, Fondation Culturelle Iranienne, Louvain, pp. 45-75.

GHOSAL S.N., 1980-81, Haoma as a plant in the Avestan text, Sambodhi, vol. 9, pp. 52-55.

GNOLI GHERARDO, 1967, Lichtsymbolik in Alt-Iran. Haoma-Ritus und Erlöser-Mythos, Antaios, vol. 8, pp. 528-549.

GNOLI GHERARDO, 1989, Review of the Flattery & Schwartz’s Haoma and Harmaline, East & West, vol. 39, pp. 320-324.

GNOLI GHERARDO, 1993, On the Iranian Soma and Pers. sepand “Wild Rue”, East & West, vol. 43, pp. 234-236.

GONDA J., 1983, Soma’s metamorphoses. The identification in the oblatory rites of Satapatha-Brahmana 12,6,1, North Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam.

GONDA J., 1994, Soma unnamed, in: C.G. Kashikar et al. (Eds.), Śruti-cintāmanih Prof. C.G. Kashikar Felicitation Volume, Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune, pp. 61-63.

GRETHER HOLLY, 2007, Tantric Homa rites in the Indo-Iranian ritual paradigm, Journal of Ritual Studies, vol. 21, pp. 16-32.

HAJICEK-DOBBERSTEIN SCOTT, 1995, Soma siddhas and alchemical enlightenment: psychedelic mushrooms in Buddhist tradition, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 48, pp. 99-118.

HAUSCHILD RICHARD, 1954, Das Selbstlob (Ātmastuti) des somaberauschten Gottes Agni, in: J. Schubert & U. Chneider (Hrgs.), Asiatica, Festschrift Friedrich Weller, O. Harrassowitz, Leipzig, pp. 247-288.

HAVELL E.B., 1920, What is Soma?, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, pp. 349-351.

HOFFMANN KARL, 1967, Haomo yō gauua, Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft, vol. 21, pp. 11-20.

HOUBEN E.M. JAN, 2003, The Soma-Haom problem: Introductory overview and observations on the discussion, Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, 9.1.

HUMMEL KARL, 1997, Besprechungsuafsatz – R. Gordon Wasson, Soma: Divine Mushroom of Immortality, Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik, vol. 21, pp. 79-90.

INGALLS H.H. DANIEL, 1971, Remarks on Mr. Wasson’s Soma, Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 91, pp. 188-191.

JACQUESSON FRANÇOIS, 1989, Le miel et l’amanite. Linguistique et paléoethnographie, Médiévales, vol. 16-17, pp. 171-178.

JONES L. REX, 1995, The Soma plant and the possible connections to the genus Datura (thornapple tree), Dept. South Asian Studies, Pennsylvania.

KAPADIA B.H., 1959, A critical interpretation and invesrtigations of epitheths of Soma, Valabh Vidy Anagar.

KAPADIA B.H., 1964, Soma in the poetic setting, Vishveshvaranand Indological Journal, pp. 47-54.

KARANDIKAR A.J., 1957, The riddle of Indra and Soma, The Poona Orientalist, vol. 22, pp. 12-22.

KARNIK C.R., 1969, True identity of Soma plant, the famouys Ayurvedic rejuvenating and longevity promoting drug, Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research, vol. 9, pp. 1472-1479.

KASHIKAR C.G., 1980, Antecedents of the Vedic Soma, Hamdard-Medicus, vol. 23, p. 62.

KASHIKAR C.G., 1987, Soma-drink vis-à-vis the ruling class, Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, vol. 67, pp. 247-250.

KASHIKAR C.G., 1990, Identification of Soma, Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune.

KELLENS JEAN & ÉRIC PIRART, 2004, L’Éloge mazdéen de l’ivresse: Édition, traduction et commentaire du Hōm Stōd, Harmattan, Paris.

KHAPADIA B.H., 1960, The ascent of Soma, Sri Venkateswara University Oriental Journal, vol. 3, pp. 77-78.

KHLOPIN N. IGOR, 1980, Mandragora turcomanica in der Geschichte der Orientalvölker, Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica, vol. 11, pp. 223-231.

KNIPE M. DAVID, 1967, The heroic theft: myths from Rgveda IV and the ancient Near East, History of Religions, vol. 6, pp. 328-360.

KOOGER J.P., 1968, Het raadset van de heilige Soma-plant der Indo-Iraniërs, Pharmaceutisch Tijdschrift, vol. 94, pp. 137-143.

KRAMRISCH STELLA, 1972, Review of the Wasson’s Soma, Artibus Asiae, vol. 34, pp. 263-267.

KRAMRISCH STELLA, 1975, The Mahāvīra Vessel and the plant pūtika, Journal of the American oriental Society, vol. 95, pp. 222-235.

KRISHNAMURTHY K.V. & BIR BAHADUR, 2018, A reconaissance of ethnic psychedelic plants of Western Himalay and their possible identity to Soma, in: T. Pullaiah, K.V. Krishnamurthy & Bir Bahadur (Eds.), Ethnobotany of India. Vol 4. Western and Center Himalaya, Apple Academic Press, Waretown, NJ, pp. 313-324.

KUIPER F.B.J., 1970, Review to the Wasson’s Soma, Indo-Iranian Journal, vol. 12, pp. 279-285.

KUIPER F.B.J., 1992, Nabhrắj and the purchase of Soma, in: A.W. van den Hoek et al. (Eds.), Ritual, State and History in South Asia. Studies in honour to J.C. Heesterman, E.J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 179-187.

KUIPER F.B.J., 1996, Gandharva and Soma, Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik, vol. 20, pp. 225-255.

LA BARRE WESTON, 1970, Review of Soma. Divine mushroom of immortality by R.G. Wasson, American Anthropologist, vol. 72, pp. 368-373.

LADER M.H., 1983, Soma and Psyche, British Medical Journal, vol. 287, pp. 1906-1908.

LANGLOIS M., 1853, La divinité Védique appellée Soma, Mémoires de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belle-Lettres, vol. 19, pp. 326-360.

LEHMANN JÜRGEN, 2000, Die ursprüngliche rigvedische Somapflanze war weder grüne Pflanze noch Pilz: Gepresst wurden Honigwaben. Sicht eines entomologen, in: B. Forssamn & R. Platz (Hrgs.), Indoarisch, Iranisch und die Indogermanistik, Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft von 2. bis 5. Oktober 1997 in Erlangen, Wiesbaden, pp. 295-314.

LEONTI MARCO & LAURA CASU, 2014, Soma, food of the immortals according to the Bower Manuscript (Kashmir, 6th century A.D.), Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 155, pp. 373-386.

LEVITT H. STEPHAN, 2011, New considerations regrading the identity of Vedic sóma as the mushroom fly-agaric, Studia Orientalia, vol. 111, pp. 105-118.

LOMMEL H., 1955, König Soma, Numen, vol. 2, pp. 196-205.

MAHDIHASSAN S., 1962, The popularity of Soma plant at the beginning of alchemy, Indian Journal of History of Medicine, vol. 8(2), pp. 26-36.

MAHDIHASSAN S., 1963, Identifying Soma as Ephedra, Pakistan Journal of Forestry, vol. 13, pp. 370-373.

MAHDIHASSAN S., 1974, Soma in the light of comparative pharmacology, etymology and archaeology, Janus, vol. 61, pp. 91-102.

MAHDIHASSAN S., 1982, Evolution of Ephedra at the Soma of Rigveda, Ancient Science of Life, vol. 2(2), pp. 93-97.

MAHDIHASSAN M., 1984, Soma es energizer-cum-euphoriant, versus sura, an intoxicant, Ancient Science of Life, vol. 3(3), pp. 161-168.

MAHDIHASSAN S., 1985, A Persian painting illustrating Ephedra, leading to its identity as Soma, Journal of Central Asia, vol. 8, pp. 171-177.

MAHDIHASSAN S., 1986, Ephedra as soma meaning hemp fibres with soma misidentified as the hemp plant itself, Indian Journal of History of Science, vol. 21, pp. 1-6.

MAHDIHASSAN S., 1987, Soma of the Aryans and ash of the Romans, Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, vol. 68, pp. 639-644.

MAHDIHASSAN S., 1987, The history and natural history of Ephedra and Soma, Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad.

MAHDIHASSAN M., 1989, The seven theories identifying the soma plant, Ancient Science of Life, vol. 9(2), pp. 86-89.

MAHDIHASSAN S., 1991, The Vedic gods Agni, Indra and Soma as interrelated: a study of Soma, Indian Journal of History of Science, vol. 26, pp. 11-15.

MAHDIHASSAN S. & F.S. MEHDI, 1989, Soma of the Rigveda and an attempt to identify it, American Journal of Chinese Medicine, vol. 17, pp. 1-8.

MALANDRA W.W., 1979, Atharvaveda 2.27: evidence for a Soma-amulet, Journal of American Oriental Society, vol. 99, pp. 220-224.

MALAMOUD CHARLES, 1991, Le soma et sa contrepartie: remarques sur les stupéfiants et les spiritueux dans les rites de l’Inde ancienne, in: D. Fournier & S. D’Onofrio (Eds.), Le ferment divin, Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, Paris, pp. 19-33.

MCDONALD ANDREW, 2004, A botanical perspective on the identity of Soma (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) based on scriptural and iconographic records, Economic Botany, vol. 58 Suppl., pp. S147-S173.

MILLS LAWRENCE, 1900, The first prepares of the Haoma (Indian Soma), The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, pp. 511-528.

MILLS LAWRENCE, 1903, The vision of Haoma to Zarathustra, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, pp. 313-324.

MINOCHEHR N.D. HOMJI, 1982, The concept of Soma in the Avesta (Haoma), with some parallels from Rgveda, in: T.N. Dharmadhikari (Ed.), Golden Jubilee Volume, Poona, pp. 110-113.

MUKHERJEE BISWANATH, 1979, Pavamāna Soma, Journal of the Oriental Institute of Baroda, vol. 28, pp. 13-15.

MUKHERJEE BRAJA LAL, 1921, The Soma plant, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, pp. 241-244.

MUKHOPADHYAY BISWANATH, 1978, On the significance of Soma, Vishveshvaranand Indological Journal, vol. 16, pp. 6-9.

MÜLLER F.G. REINHOLD, 1954, Soma in der altindischen Heilkunde, in: J. Schubert & U. Chneider (Hrgs.), Asiatica, Festschrift Friedrich Weller, O. Harrassowitz, Leipzig, pp. 428-441.

MYLIUS KLAUS, 1992, Review of the Flattery & Schwartz Haoma and harmaline, Indo-Iranian Journal, vol. 35, pp. 45-48.

NARAHARI H.G., 1952, Soma and Rudra in Vedic mythology, Bhāratīya Vidyā, vol. 13, pp. 62-64.

NICHOLSON T. PHILIP, 2002, The Soma Code. Part I. Luminous visions in the Rig Veda, Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, vol. 8-3, pp. 31-52.

NICHOLSON PHILIP, 2002, The Soma Code. Part II. Soma’s birth, purification, and transmutation into Indra, Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, vol. 8-3, pp. 53-69.

NICHOLSON PHILIP, 2002, The Soma Code. Part III. Visions, myths, and drugs, Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, vol. 8-3, pp. 70-92.

NYBERG HARRI, 1995, The problem of the Aryans and the Soma: the botanical evidence, in: G. Erdosy (Ed.), The Indo-Aryans of the ancient South Asia: la guage, material culture and ethnicity, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 382-406.

OBERLIES THOMAS, 1989, König Somas Kriegszug – Eine Untersuchung zur Kompositionstechnik der Pavamāna-Hymnen, Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik, vol. 15, pp. 71-96.

OBERLIES THOMAS, 1995, Rez. of C.G. Kahikar, Identification of Soma, Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens, vol. 39, pp. 235-238.

OBERLIES THOMAS, 1999, Die Religion des Rgveda. 2. Kompositionsanalyse der Soma-Hymnen des Rgveda, Gerold, Wien.

OBERLIES THOMAS, 2002, Milch und Soma. Die Formalien eines Vertragsschlusses, Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik, vol. 23, pp. 71-89.

OTT JONATHAN, 1998, La storia del Soma dopo le ricerche di R.G. Wasson / The Post-Wasson History of the Soma Plant, Eleusis, n.s., vol. 1, pp. 9-37.

PADHY S.N., S.K. DASH & R. MOHAPATRA, 2001, The Vedic Soma plant, how much ethtnobotanical? An introspective review, Ethnobotany, vol. 13, pp. 45-59.

PADHY S. & S.K. DASH, 2004, The Soma drinker of ancient India: an ethno-botanical retrospective, Journal of Human Ecology, vol. 15, pp. 19-26.

PARROT RODNEY, 1983, A discussion of two metaphors in the “Churning of the Oceans” from the Mahābhārata, Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, vol. 64, pp. 17-33.

PARPOLA ASKO, 1995, The problem of the Aryans and the Soma: textuallinguistic and archaeological evidence, in: G. Erdosy (Ed.), The Indo-Aryans of the ancient South Asia: la guage, material culture and ethnicity, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 353-381.

PATYAL C. HUKAM, 1996, Review of the Kashikar’s Identification of soma, Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, vol. 77, pp. 311-315.

POKRASCOTT ROBERT, 1991, The medical anthropology of the anti-aging Soma and Haoma of the Indian Samhitas, British Cactus & Succulent Journal, vol. 9, pp. 92-97.

POLOSMAK V. NATALIA, 2010, “We drank soma, we became immortal…”, Science First Hand, vol. 26(2), pp. 62-71.

QAZILVASH N.A., 1960, Ephedra of the Rgveda Homa, The Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. 185, pp. 497-501.

RAHURKAR V.G., 1974, The use and control of liquor in ancient India, Vishveshvaranand Indological Journal, vol. 12, pp. 286-300.

RAUSING GAD, 1987, Soma, Orientalia Suecana, vol. 36-37, pp. 125-126.

RAY JOGEŚ-CHANDRA, 1939, The Soma plant, The Indian Historical Quarterly, vol. 15(1), pp. 197-207.

RIEDLINGER J. THOMAS, 1993, Wasson’s alternative candidates for Soma, Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, vol. 25(2), pp. 149-156.

ROTH R., 1881, Ueber den Soma, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, vol. 35, p. 680-692.

ROTH R., 1882, Der Adler mit dem Soma, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, vol. 36, pp. 353-360.

ROTH R., 1884, Wo wächst der Soma?, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, vol. 38, pp. 134-139.

SABA MONA, 2018, First evaluation of haoma culture in Oluz Höyük, Tüba-Ar, vol. 22, pp. 161-172.

SCHLERATH B., 1987, The slaying of the god Soma, Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, vol. 68, pp. 345-348.

SCHMIDT HANSS-PETER, 2009, Rgveda 1.28 and the alleged domestic Soma-pressing, Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, vol. 16(1), pp. 1-13.

SCHNEIDER ULRICH, 1971, Der Somaraub des Manu. Mythus und Ritual, O. Harrassowitz, Wiesband.

SCHWARTZ MARTIN, 2006, On Haoma, and its Liturgy in the Gathas, in: Antonio Panaino & Andrea Piras (Eds.), Proceedings of the 5th Conference of the Societas Iranologica Europaea, Ravennam 6-11 October 2003, Vol. I, Ancient & Middle Iranian Studies, Mimesis, Milano, pp. 215-224.

SHAH N.C., 2011, The mystery and botanical identity of Soma plant: an appraisal, XVI Herbal Tech Industry, pp. 18-28.

SHAH N.C., 2015, Soma, an enigmatic, mysterious plant of the Vedic Aryas: an appraisal, Indian Journal of Hisotry of Science, vol. 50, pp. 26-41.

SHARMA P.V., 1996, Original concept of Soma, Indian Journal of History of Science, vol. 31, pp. 111-129.

SHENDE N.J., 1964, Soma in the Brāhmaṇas of the RgVeda, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay, vol. 38, pp. 122-153.

SINEV E. INNOKENTIY, 2016, The history of Mandragora turkomanica (Solanaceae), Israel Journal of Plant Science, vol. 63, pp. 176-181.

SING BHAGWAN, 1980/81, Identification of soma, Puratattva, vol. 12, pp. 154-156.

SMITH HUSTON, 1972, Review to the Wasson’s Soma, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, vol. 40, pp. 480-499.

SRIVASTAVA J.G., 1970, The Soma plant, Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research, vol. 6, pp. 809-818.

SRIVASTAVA J.G., 1970, Some further observation on the Soma plant, Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research, vol. 6, pp. 1590-1600.

STAAL FRITS, 2001, How a psychoactive substance becomes a ritual: the case of soma, Social Research, vol. 68, pp. 745-778.

STEIN AUREL, 1930-32, On the Ephedra, the Hūm Plant, and the Soma, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 6, pp. 501-514.

STUHRMANN RAINER, 1985, Worum handelt es sich beim Soma?, Indo-Iranian Journal, vol. 28, pp. 85-93.

STUHRMANN RAINER, 2006, Rrgvedisch Lichtaufnahmen: Soma botanisch, pharmakologisch, in den Augen der Kavis, Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, 13-1, pp. 1-93.

SURYAKANTA, 1958, Sáras, Sóma and Sïrá, Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, vol. 38, pp. 115-139.

SWAMY B.G.L., 2010, Sources for a history of plant sciences in India: the Rgvedic Soma plant, Asian Agri History, vol. 14, pp. 7-30.

SWENNEN PHILIPPE, 2008, Réflexions sur la consécration du sacrifiant védique dans l’offrande de soma, Journal Asiatique, vol. 296, pp. 93-139.

TACHIKAWA MUSASHI, 1993, Homa in Vedic ritual: the structure of the Darśa-pūrnamāsa, Senri Ethnological Studies, vol. 36, pp. 239-267.

TAILLIEU D., 1994, Old-Iranian haoma: a note on its pharmacology, AOB, vol. 9, pp. 187-191.

TAILLIEU D., 1997, The sauma controversy after 1968, Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica, vol. 28, pp. 43-54.

THOMPSON GEORGE, 2003, Soma and ecstasy in the Rgveda, Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, vol. 9.

VARDANIAN ARTAK, 2001, The Assyro-Babylonian Ḥumbaba and the Armenian plant name Xambaba, Iran & Caucasus, vol. 5, pp. 207-208.

WASSÉN S. HENRY, 1970, Soma och Amanita muscaria, Friesia, vol. 9(3), pp. 330-338.

WASSON R. GORDON, 1968, Soma. Divine mushroom of immortality, HBJ, New York.

WASSON R. GORDON, 1970, Soma of the Aryans: an ancient hallucinogen? Bulletin on Narcotics, vol. 2,, pp. 25-30.

WASSON R. GORDON, 1970, Soma: comments inspired by Professor Kuiper’s review, Indo-Iranian Journal, vol. 12, pp. 286-298.

WASSON R. GORDON, 1971, The Soma of the Rig Veda: what was it?, Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 91, pp. 169-187.

WASSON R. GORDON, 1971, Soma of the Aryans: an ancient hallucinogen?, Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, vol. 3, pp. 40-46.

WASSON R. GORDON, 1972, Soma and fly-agaric, Botanical Museum Leaflets Harward University, pp. 1-58.

WASSON R. GORDON, 1972, What was the Soma of the Aryans?, in: P.T. Furst (Ed.), Flesh of the Gods. The ritual use of hallucinogens, Praeger, New York, pp. 201-213 + 279-294.

WASSON R. GORDON, 1972, Soma and the fly-agaric. Mr. Wasson’s rejoinder to Professor Brough, Ethno-mycological Studies N. 2, Botanical Museum of Harward University, Cambridge, 60 pp.

WASSON R. GORDON, 1979, Soma brought up-to-date, Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 99, pp. 100-105.

WEBER ALBRECHT, 1862, Der çabalîhoma, ein Waldorakel im Frühlinge, in: A. Weber, Indisch Studien, Ferd. Dümmler’s Verlagsbuchhandlung, pp. 437-447.

WHITAKER L. JARROD, 2007, Sóma make you an Āryan? A brief review of súṣvi- and ásuṣvi- in the Rgveda, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, vol. 157, pp. 417-426.

WILSON WARREN WINIFRED, 1909, The Soma offering in a fragment of Alkman, The American Journal of Philology, vol. 30, pp. 188-195.

WINDFUHR L. GERNOT, 1985, Haoma/Soma: the Plant, Acta Iranica, vol. 25, pp. 699-726.

WINDFUHR GERNOT, 2002/03, Zoroastrian myth and constellations: Hauma and Zarathushtra, Orientalia Suecana, vol. 51-52, pp. 471-477.

WINDISCHMANN FRIEDERICH, 1846, Somacultus der Arier, Academische, München, pp. 127-142.

WOHLBERG JOSEPH, 1990, Haoma-Soma in the World of Ancient Greece, Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, vol. 22, pp. 333-342.

WUJASTYK DOMINIK, 2004, Agni and Soma: a universal classification, Studia Asiatica, vol. 4, pp. 347-369.

YAKUBOVICH ILYA, 2011, Review of Le Hōm Stōm et la zone des déclarations by Kellens, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 70, pp. 334-335.

YORK MICHAEL, 1993, The Mithraic tauroctony as a derivative of an IE Soma/Haoma sacramental cult, Journal of Indo-European Studies, vol. 21, pp. 193-206.